History of Nafplio

Nafplio played a crucial role in Greece’s fight for independence from the Ottoman Empire. As one of the first cities to be liberated during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1830), it became a key strategic stronghold for revolutionaries. The city was finally freed from Ottoman rule in 1822 after a long and difficult siege, during which Greek forces, led by Theodoros Kolokotronis, managed to capture the imposing Palamidi Fortress. This victory marked a turning point in the war, securing Nafplio as a vital center for the revolutionary movement.

In 1829, after years of intense battles and diplomatic negotiations, Nafplio was chosen as the first capital of the newly independent Greek state. Ioannis Kapodistrias, the country’s first head of state, established his government here, implementing crucial reforms and laying the foundations for modern Greece. During this time, Nafplio became the political and cultural heart of the young nation, attracting intellectuals, foreign diplomats, and military leaders.

Following Kapodistrias’ assassination in 1831, Greece entered a period of turmoil, but Nafplio remained at the center of national affairs. In 1833, King Otto, the first monarch of Greece, arrived in Nafplio and took residence in the town, solidifying its status as the seat of power. However, in 1834, the capital was officially moved to Athens, a decision made to align Greece with its ancient heritage and accommodate future growth. Despite this shift, Nafplio’s legacy as the birthplace of modern Greece endures, with its historic buildings and landmarks preserving the memory of those defining years.